Distribution

of Sampling Means


If the samples are randomly selected with replacement, the sample means, for the most part, will be somewhat different from the population mean µ. These differences are caused by sampling error.

Properties:

  • The mean of the sample means will be the same as the population mean.
  • The standard deviation of the sample means will be smaller than the standard deviation of the population, and it will be equal to the population standard deviation divided by the square root of the sample size.

We denote the mean of the sample means as \(\mu_{\overline{x}}\) and the standard deviation of the sample means as \(\sigma_{\overline{x}}\). Therefore we have the following relationships:

\[\mu_{\overline{x}}=\mu\]

\[\sigma_{\overline{x}}=\frac{\sigma}{\sqrt{n}}\]

where \(n\) is the sample size.